Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice free essay sample

Of Legitimate Authority Essay, Research Paper Locke? s Argument for the Origin and Practice of Legitimate Authority All through clasp there has been a constant fight between the contemplations of cultural control and the privileges of the individual. Indeed, even at the current clasp there are clashing assessments on how much force the specialists should hold and how much force the individual should hold over themselves. John Locke, in the same way as other before him, had an idea of how specialists and society should run. He endeavors to concoct an explanation that will indicate the limits of political force while set uping the privileges of resistance. Locke has numerous focuses that met up to offer his expression. These are primarily founded on the essential standards that characteristic balance when joined with authentic approval will take individuals and their things, out of a region of nature and into a superior, more grounded, and progressively stable society. Locke? s boss point on things is that all human natural structures are effects of that person. We will compose a custom article test on Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He represents this position when he states, ? Through the Earth, and every single sub-par creature, be basic to all work powers, yet every grown-up male has a things in his ain individual: this no natural structure has any option to however himself? ( P. 19 ) . Plainly Locke # 8217 ; s thought of possessions envelops the feeling that the sense of self is the assets of the individual and simply that solitary person. Locke encourages his announcement by explaining how a human can hold existent material assets. So as to acquire material possessions 1 must mix whatever 1 wishes to have with the work of their natural structure. He characterizes work as something that makes regular private. He puts certain limits to existent stuff possessions by expressing that individual can simply have each piece much as they can use to any preferred position without ruin and they should go forward bounty and each piece useful for other people. Locke other than addresses the foundation of servitude. Subjugation in the intentional or non-willful sense is denied under Locke # 8217 ; s proclamation. His justification for why this demonstration is precluded are that when individual has responsibility for singular they have the ability to make with that person? s life what they please. This is an immediate crime since he has just set the premiss that every individual is simply the owner, and if individual else were to have another it would conflict with this premiss. The idea of subjugation is other than disallowed in light of the fact that it conflicts with the statute of nature that rundowns self-safeguarding just like its figure one priority. The statute of nature hence integrates with the assets premiss and prompts an extreme choice that subjugation ought to non be. Locke territories, ? Each one, as he will undoubtedly proceed with himself, and non to stop his station wilfully, so by the comparable ground, when his ain sparing comes non in rivalry, should he, each piece much as he can, to proceed with the rest of world, and may non, except if it be to make justness on a miscreant, remove, or debilitate the life, or what keeps an eye on the sparing of the life, the self-governance, wellbeing, appendage, or merchandise of another? ( p.9 ) . This in a general sense summarizes Locke? s law of nature. He feels that the principal duty of grown-up male is to proceed with himself over every single other thing, and next he ought to other than proceed, each piece much as could be expected under the circumstances, his kindred grown-up male. Locke accepts that in a territory of nature each individual has the approval to kill the law of nature, however only when the rough passing of the transgressor will make justness. Equity of this sort is characterized as punishing the offense for the bar of comparative offense, which is expressed to be the privilege all things considered, and reparation which is altogether the privilege of the harmed. Generally Locke backs up the rough demise of outlets if essential for justness. The hel p roots from the idea of ensured security the basic truth they will non be alive to hurt again. His sentiments on this issue are outlined plainly when he says, ? each grown-up male, in the territory of nature, has a capacity to slaughter a vendor, both to dishearten others from making the comparable hurt, which no reparation can balance, by the representation of punishment that goes to it from each natural structure, what's more to get work powers from the endeavors of a condemnable? ( P. 11 ) . Locke doesn? T accept the territory of nature is similar to whole decimation of humankind or a snake pit, yet he sees numerous occupations with it. The main ground individuals pick to go from the area of nature and into a general public is for better insurance of their possessions. He expresses that the two boss occupations with a things security are that there are no normal governments and human affection gets in the way when discourse creation of just punishment. In a progressively detailed history he expresses the immediate occupations with the territory of nature are that there are no standings Torahs, indifferent Judgess, or trustworthy official forces. Every one of these occupations envelop one boss issue. This issue is that assets, physical and material, should be ensured in a progressively unafraid way. The way to get this higher security is to go out of the territory of nature and into a general public. Locke first moves out of the region of nature and into society through the introduction of assent. Assent is the vital status that makes respect real. To elucidate what he implies by assent he first clarifies how universes can give assent and why they can give assent. He expresses that the idea of assent of everything is the start of society. He states, ? For when any figure of work powers have, by the assent of each individual, made a network, they have in this way made network one natural structure, with a capacity to move as one natural structure, which is just by the will and finding of the mass? ( P. 52 ) . This obviously shows how significant agree is to the position of society, and non only assent, yet the assent of every single part in that society. Their joint assent so makes for a mass kind of guideline. He accepts to be part of a general public and to be committed to follow the guidelines of that society a man should initially agree to being a segment of that society. Ther e are two unique signifiers of assent. The initial 1 is express assent while the second is quiet assent. Express assent is communicated assent while unsaid is a soundless assent. Locke accepts that communicated assent is clear and non hard to comprehend, while inferred is all the more difficult to set up. Locke does by and by accept that on the off chance that one, ? that hath any proprietorships, or pleasure, of any part of the guidelines of any specialists, doth in this manner give his quiet assent, and is each piece far away obliged to compliance to the Torahs to that specialists? ( P. 53 ) . This in a general sense implies in the event that you live in a general public where a specialists is built up and you have possessions or are relaxing the general public you are staying in this is satisfactory for quiet assent. When an individual has agreed, either with unequivocal or implied, they are a bit of society. Society is made to proceed with the lives, self-sufficiency and homes, which a ll make up effects. At the point when come ining into society individuals enable up to make what they need for sparing and the ability to punish others that they had in the region of nature. Since individuals did by and by hold the privilege to assets in the region of nature, and would neer acknowledge to be more awful off than they were prior, society should ever secure effects. Alongside the security of assets to do specialists genuine there are sure conditions to be met. There must be exposure of the benefit of everyone, unafraid possessions, constitution of a standing statute, unconcerned Judgess, and an unprejudiced executing of the law. The resolution law has limits each piece great as obligations. The limits are that there can? t be a flat out discretionary guideline, effects can? t be taken without assent, and there will be no unapproved transportation of intensity. There can neer be a flat out government and guideline will hence so be restricted. Locke accepts that government is a sort of servitude and damages the statute of nature that so makes it entirely ill-conceived. Locke accepts that specialists? s boss plan is to ensure things with impassive Torahs, while other than arraigning the general basic great of the general public. He makes this position understood with his hole words for part 11 that territory, ? The incredible terminal of work powers? s come ining into society, being the happiness regarding their belongingss in harmony and wellbeing, and the incredible instrument and organizations of that being the Torahs built up in the public arena? ( P. 69 ) . Sing that assent is the start of genuine respect, when the specialists is making things that the individuals would non hold agreed to, the individuals will be no longer obliged to comply. At the point when he states, ? The ground for society is the sparing of assets. At whatever point people with significant influence undertaking to remove and destruct the possessions of the individuals, they put themselves in a territory of war with the individuals. They relinquish approval, which degenerat es to the individuals, who reserve the privilege to restart their unique self-sufficiency and set up another administrative? ( P. 211 ) , Locke states unmistakably definitely when the individuals reserve an option to emerge. He all the more explicitly records certain maltreatment of intensity that will empower people to emerge over yonder specialists. They remember the setting of subjective will for topographic purpose of the Torahs, hindering administrative from piecing, changing force development or leg

Chemotherapy free essay sample

An investigation of chemotherapy its reactions and its utilization as a treatment for malignant growth. This paper talks about the different types of chemotherapy. The paper depicts the various conceivable reactions of chemotherapy, sketching out present moment and long haul symptoms. Malignant growth is a malady of the bodys cells. Cells in all the tissues and organs of the body continually develop and partition to trade old and harmed cells and keep up the soundness of the body. Regularly, all cells separate and imitate themselves in a deliberate and controlled way. In disease, in any case, a few cells continue separating without legitimate control, framing a bump (which is known as a tumor). In leukemia, too many white platelets are shaped. Chemotherapy is the utilization of hostile to malignant growth (cytotoxic) medications to crush disease cells (counting leukemias and lymphomas). There are more than 50 distinctive chemotherapy medications and some are given all alone, however frequently various medications might be joined (this is known as blend chemotherapy). We will compose a custom exposition test on Chemotherapy or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The kind of treatment one are given for ones malignant growth relies upon numerous things, especially the sort of ailment one have, where in the body it began, what the disease cells resemble under the magnifying instrument and how far they have spread, if by any means.

Drug Users and Their Experiences With Flashbacks

Drug Users and Their Experiences With Flashbacks Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print Drug Users Experiences With Flashbacks By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 28, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 27, 2019 Claudia Burlotti/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you have been using drugs  or spending time with drug users or people who know them, you may have heard them talking about flashbacks, and wondered what is a flashback. Flashbacks are quite a common experience among drug users, although not everyone who experiences them finds them troubling. Those that do may have Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder. What Is a Flashback? A flashback is a sensation of re-experiencing the effects of a drug  after the true effects of the drug have worn off. Most often, flashbacks are used to describe the re-experiencing of the effects of a hallucinogenic drug, such as LSD or magic mushrooms. Flashbacks typically happen in the days or weeks following ingestion of the drug but can happen months or even years after the drug use has been discontinued. Sometimes, flashbacks can be intense and unpleasant and can happen frequently, even if the person experiencing them is abstaining from drug use. Flashbacks that continue to happen in this way are a medically recognized phenomenon, which is documented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5) as Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks). Causes The experience of flashbacks is not caused by current intoxication of a hallucinogen, nor is it caused by another mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, nor by another medical condition, such as brain damage â€" although all of these conditions may produce similar effects to hallucinogenic drugs, such as hallucinations and delusions. Flashbacks can come on unpredictably or in response to a trigger, such as tiredness, anxiety or stress. Most often, this is when they are problematic for the individual experiencing them â€" as the individual is feeling vulnerable due to the trigger, the out-of-control feeling of being on a drug that has not been consumed can be very confusing and upsetting. However, the experience of a flashback can also be self-induced, by the individual thinking about the experience of tripping on a hallucinogenic drug, and this is not generally a problem. Contrary to a popular myth about LSD, flashbacks are not the result of LSD being stored in the body and re-released. What Are Flashbacks Like? Flashbacks usually take the form of mild visual hallucinations, such as seeing geometric formations, intensified colors, and halos or trailing after-effects of images. Occasionally, people or situations may seem bizarre or ridiculous, or the person experiencing the flashback may feel disassociated. When this happens in a social situation requiring self-control, it can be embarrassing or scary for the individual experiencing it. However, flashbacks are not usually as intense or long-lasting as an actual drug experience, usually lasting just seconds or minutes, and are easier to control mentally than intoxication or a bad trip. How to Cope Having a flashback can be quite distressing, and calming or self-soothing activities can help ease the psychological discomfort that can result. Flashbacks usually subside on their own after the drug use has been discontinued, over the course of a few months. In a flashback, the person is generally aware that they are experiencing a drug-induced effect. If the person has no insight into the drug-induced nature of their symptoms, or if these experiences persist or cause significant distress, they should seek a psychiatric assessment to determine if there is another mental health issue involved, such as psychosis. Although there is no recognized medical treatment for flashbacks, a psychologist can also help to treat the anxiety that can accompany flashbacks, giving more of a sense of self-control.

Drug Users and Their Experiences With Flashbacks

Drug Users and Their Experiences With Flashbacks Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print Drug Users Experiences With Flashbacks By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 28, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 27, 2019 Claudia Burlotti/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you have been using drugs  or spending time with drug users or people who know them, you may have heard them talking about flashbacks, and wondered what is a flashback. Flashbacks are quite a common experience among drug users, although not everyone who experiences them finds them troubling. Those that do may have Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder. What Is a Flashback? A flashback is a sensation of re-experiencing the effects of a drug  after the true effects of the drug have worn off. Most often, flashbacks are used to describe the re-experiencing of the effects of a hallucinogenic drug, such as LSD or magic mushrooms. Flashbacks typically happen in the days or weeks following ingestion of the drug but can happen months or even years after the drug use has been discontinued. Sometimes, flashbacks can be intense and unpleasant and can happen frequently, even if the person experiencing them is abstaining from drug use. Flashbacks that continue to happen in this way are a medically recognized phenomenon, which is documented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5) as Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks). Causes The experience of flashbacks is not caused by current intoxication of a hallucinogen, nor is it caused by another mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, nor by another medical condition, such as brain damage â€" although all of these conditions may produce similar effects to hallucinogenic drugs, such as hallucinations and delusions. Flashbacks can come on unpredictably or in response to a trigger, such as tiredness, anxiety or stress. Most often, this is when they are problematic for the individual experiencing them â€" as the individual is feeling vulnerable due to the trigger, the out-of-control feeling of being on a drug that has not been consumed can be very confusing and upsetting. However, the experience of a flashback can also be self-induced, by the individual thinking about the experience of tripping on a hallucinogenic drug, and this is not generally a problem. Contrary to a popular myth about LSD, flashbacks are not the result of LSD being stored in the body and re-released. What Are Flashbacks Like? Flashbacks usually take the form of mild visual hallucinations, such as seeing geometric formations, intensified colors, and halos or trailing after-effects of images. Occasionally, people or situations may seem bizarre or ridiculous, or the person experiencing the flashback may feel disassociated. When this happens in a social situation requiring self-control, it can be embarrassing or scary for the individual experiencing it. However, flashbacks are not usually as intense or long-lasting as an actual drug experience, usually lasting just seconds or minutes, and are easier to control mentally than intoxication or a bad trip. How to Cope Having a flashback can be quite distressing, and calming or self-soothing activities can help ease the psychological discomfort that can result. Flashbacks usually subside on their own after the drug use has been discontinued, over the course of a few months. In a flashback, the person is generally aware that they are experiencing a drug-induced effect. If the person has no insight into the drug-induced nature of their symptoms, or if these experiences persist or cause significant distress, they should seek a psychiatric assessment to determine if there is another mental health issue involved, such as psychosis. Although there is no recognized medical treatment for flashbacks, a psychologist can also help to treat the anxiety that can accompany flashbacks, giving more of a sense of self-control.

Oprah Winfrey The United States Of America - 819 Words

Molita D. Sarwan Professor M. Stevenson AMH 2020 22 September, 2014 How Oprah Winfrey Changed the United States of America Born January 29 in the quaint town of Kosciusko, Mississippi. Oprah Winfrey had risen from nothing became the first African American woman billionaire and achieving the â€Å"American dream†. According to www.oprah.com, her official website, she had accomplished being a television pioneer, a producer/actress, a magazine founder and editorial director, online leader, philanthropist, television programming creator, broadway producer and she has been awarded many honorary achievements. As a child may individuals in her town knew that she was a gifted individual; †¦ knew how to read, and write before the age of three. Oprah†¦show more content†¦She not only accepted, she celebrated the differences among Americans, no matter their age, sexual orientation, color and disabilities. Currently there is no historical monuments of Winfrey, nor movies portraying her as all she has done. One good way to see all that she has done is through her television show. However she has also, placed her mark on the Hollywood scene in many movies, such as, the Steven Spielberg’s 1985 movie the color purple. Her television show has had many â€Å"shout outs† on numerous shows such as, Grey’s Anatomy, a character stated that, while convincing a gunman not to show, to tell her his life story. When asked where did she learn the technique she stated that, â€Å"I saw on Oprah or somewhere that if you tell them personal details about yourself, they’re less likely to kill you† (www.oprah.com). Winfrey has influenced so many individuals that it would be abnormal not to remember her. She has done many astonishing things, such as, the Oprah Winfrey Foundation that helps see to the aid of women, children and families. She created the Angel Network that raises money for charities. On her show she has brought many known figures, such as, Barak Obama. She has encouraged many of her viewers to make a difference in the world of many other individuals. Many Americans believe that Winfrey is a good individual for all that she has over came from the time she has stepped foot on to this earth. She has dealt with many criticism

Older Adults - 3240 Words

A) According to the American Psychology Association, older adults are defined as â€Å"persons 65 years of age or older (APA, Practitioners, 2002) The older adult population is separated by two subpopulations called â€Å"young old†, â€Å"older old†, and â€Å"oldest old.†(APA, Practitioners, 2002) â€Å"Young old† describe those between the ages of 65-74, â€Å"older old† describes those between the ages of 75 and 84, and oldest old refers to those 85 and older. (APA, Practitioners, 2002) Other important subpopulations include the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) older adults and racially diverse subpopulations. (Aging and Health Report) The ageing LGBT subpopulation is an overlooked part of the older adult population that is rarely addressed (Aging†¦show more content†¦(USGov, 2012) In the years to follow after the ADEA was implemented, several other laws were passed that were in relation to or based upon the ADEA of 1967. (U SGov, 2012) The ADEA was amended in 1986 to include the following changes: the age limit of seventy was removed, making the act applicable to anyone of the age of forty. (EEOC, 2009) It also required employers to continue health coverage of employees over 70 and their families. (EEOC, 2009) Finally, the amended act made it unlawful for employers to require an employee of any age to retire. (EEOC, 2009) Another very important amendment to the ADEA was the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990, which stated’ â€Å"The term `compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment encompasses all employee benefits, including such benefits provided pursuant to a bona fide employee benefit plan.† (EEOC, 1990?) This made it so that employees are required to allocate the same amount of funds that go towards benefits of younger worker to the benefits for older adults. (EEOC, 1990?) The next act introduced was the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 which prohibited dis crimination on the basis of age in programs orShow MoreRelatedLife Cycle For Older Adults : An Older Person s Sense Of Self Esteem And Confidence2111 Words   |  9 Pagesan older person’s sense of self-esteem and confidence that was once stronger in the eight stage is now at a weaken state and breeds a sense that hope and trust are diminishing fast (page 110 life cycle extended). In basic terms, in the ninth stage, elders have very limited mobility, are most likely entirely dependent on other as they can no longer depend on their mind or bodies for the stability they once had earlier in older adulthood. According Erikson (1997), the ability of elders to engageRead MoreDepression And The Older Adult1266 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to write my paper over depression and the older adult. The reason I chose to write about this topic is because I think more attention should be brought to this mood disorder. 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Should Gambling Be Legalized - 4078 Words

Should Gambling Be Legalized? Over the past twenty or so years, great wealth and improved economic and social conditions have been promised to the communities that have embraced legalized gambling. However, with twenty years of experience it is time to look back and analyze whether this is true or not. It could easily be said that gambling is as American as apple pie. Gambling has shaped American history since its beginning. Lotteries were used by The First Continental Congress to help finance the Revolutionary war. Many of our founding fathers, such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington, have sponsored private lotteries. It has been said that Our founding fathers were just numbers guys in wigs At†¦show more content†¦The higher ones income , the more one will tend to see gambling as entertainment or as a way to socialize with other people. Conversely, the lower ones income, the more gambling tends to be seen as an investment5 With the poor who cannot afford such investments as the stock market or real estate, gambling is meant to be less as play and more as a sincere chance to transform their lives for the better. While the poor do not spend much more than gambling than middle income families, they do spend a much higher percentage of their income. Another disturbing situation in the gambling community is the changing percentage of women and young people who are becoming problem gamblers. At this time gambling is called the fastest-growing teenage addiction, with the rate of pathological gambling among high-school and college-age y outh about twice that of adults. In Atlantic City, the lure of gambling is so strong that over thirty thousand underage people are either thrown out, or stopped from entering the casino.6 Lobbyists for the gambling industry have made exorbitant claims about the benefits that states will receive from the legalization of gambling. Among the many claims made by lobbyists are the increase in jobs, millions in revenue from gambling taxes, and an overall better economy. On the surface these statements seem beneficial. ButShow MoreRelatedGambling Should be Legalized.1571 Words   |  7 PagesGambling should be legalized What is gambling? According to www.dictionary.com gambling is taking a risk in the hope of gaining an advantage or a benefit. Gambling has been around for centuries and has been dated way back to 1492. People have been gambling in America ever since America was found. There are numerous underground cards clubs and casinos all over the country and in major cities. 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In Canada, the provinces experience additionalRead MoreLegalized Gambling Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesLegalized Gambling Have you ever wagered on a game? If so you were gambling and should have been fined. Gambling should be legalized in the state of Florida. The lawmakers, who have decided that it is evil for you and me to gamble, have justified it as a means to scam billions from citizens in order to compensate for their mismanagement of tax money. First they waste what they collect in taxes and then recover the wasted billions with gambling scams to get more, much more. AddingRead More Gambling Addiction Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesGambling Addiction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gambling addiction is an issue found in numerous areas where gambling is legal. People who are addicted to gambling, also know as problem gamblers, face many health risks including depression, suicidal thoughts, loss of sleep, loss of appetite, migraine and anxiety in addition to marriage breakdown, problems at work and bankruptcy (9). About 2 percent of adults are thought to be problem gamblers (1). In today’s society this costly addiction is not often considered toRead Morelegalizing gambling983 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing Casino Gambling in Texas Persuasive Speech Outline Legalizing Casino Gambling in Texas Specific Purpose Statement: To persuade my class about why legalizing casino gambling in Texas is for the better. Thesis Statement: Legalizing casino gambling in the state of Texas would enhance society and will be beneficial for the entire state. Organizational Pattern: Problem-Solution Introduction I. Did you know that gambling generates more revenue thanRead MoreGambling Outline Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesNick Cortese Research Outline Gambling Thesis: Gambling in society has detrimental effects to people in United States. Topic: I. There are certain types of gambling that people should be aware of. A. Gambling is any bet you make that involves chance, a stake, and there is a pay-off. â€Å"Here is the definition of gamble – to play at any game of chance for stakes, to bet on an uncertain outcome† (Brown). â€Å"The following three elements must be present for something

Dominicans Essay Research Paper Any time that free essay sample

Black friars Essay, Research Paper Any clip that a group enters a foreign home ground it must accommodate to be able to boom in its new environment. When a bird flies to a new place it must larn what it can and can non eat in that country. The bird must larn what marauders it has to avoid and what the clime is in its new environment. When a individual moves from one vicinity to another they have to set to the new people. The kids must larn the slang that is spoken at the local school. The parents must larn what type of traffic Torahs are enforced. They must larn what eating houses are good and which are to be avoided. It is so hard to travel from one vicinity to another, and it is so much harder to transfer oneself from one civilization to an wholly new one where everything is new. Dominicans who come to America must get by with larning a new linguistic communication and a new life style. They are traveling from the state in which they were so comfy to a new one where they are unwelcome and frequently unhappy. Dominicans in the United States are confronting jobs, which finally lead them to be down people. This depression cycles in with their other jobs to finally give them a low quality of life, in a state which has one of the highest qualities of life of any topographic point in the universe. For a new Dominican immigrant the united provinces must look like a chilling topographic point, where there are apparently unsurmountable obstructions that need to be rapidly dealt with. The first thing that must strike a Dominican who comes to the United States is that they do non talk the linguistic communication. This job seems like an obvious one, but it is so simple to take for granted that the people who hear you will understand the words, which are spoken. To come to a new state and seek to pass on, and have people stare at you with clean faces, and frequently looks of contempt, can be lay waste toing. Over clip Non English talking immigrants may go intimidated to talk, in both their native Spanish, and what small broken English they do posses. The antipathy and arrogance, which may hold answered their ill-phrased questions, may be more torment so the reply would be able to counterbalance for. Another job, a less well-known and acknowledged one, is the racial bias, which is pr esent in the United States. Many Dominicans # 8220 ; learn # 8221 ; that they are black merely when they set pes in America. Before they were in the United States they didn # 8217 ; t have the appellation of being black, or the affiliated stigma which the appellation bears. With the racism that is faced by black people in America, and the inability to talk English fluently it is difficult for Dominicans to accomplish an equal degree of success. Because of the disadvantages, which are faced upon ab initio puting pes in the United States, many Dominicans will hold an highly hard clip wining. The new disadvantages and the new civilization tend to do Dominicans, who have merely entered the United States, bunch together. The Dominicans bunch together in hunt of a support system, but are frequently greeted with merely the worlds of interior metropolis poorness. The mean income for a Dominican household is $ 20, 006 ( families ) . This is good below the national norm and it is clearly non plenty for people to populate good on. One tierce of the Dominicans life in the United States are populating below the poorness line ( families ) . The unemployment rate for Dominicans in the labour force was 17.8 % in 1990 and about half of working age Dominicans in the United States were either unemployed or out of the labour field ( families ) . With these conditions a subdivision composed about wholly of Dominicans will be a subdivision overproduction with poorness and joblessness. These conditions of poorness and joblessness are what have led to some of the preponderantly Dominican vici nities, such as Washington Heights in New York City, being known as some of the most drug infested vicinities in the United States. The anchor of an immigrant group is by and large the vicinity they live in. The Dominican immigrants who live in the United States lack a supportive anchor. I believe this deficiency of support is what causes the eventual jobs which plagues the United States Dominican population. The vicinities, which are inhabited by Dominican immigrants, are largely drug filled communities. The people who are the most succesful in these communities are the 1s who are interrupting the jurisprudence. Turning up, or life in a community where the most succesful people are the 1s who break the jurisprudence teaches people that the jurisprudence is non at that place to assist them. Peoples see no major job with interrupting the jurisprudence, since the people who are the most successful and good respected within their communities are the 1s who break the jurisprudence, the most, and most efficaciously. Because there are such high offense rates within the hapless Dominican communities the constabulary are continually on patrol, and moving aggresively. The over aggressive actions of the constabulary feeds into the rhythm of condemnable activity. He constabulary are viewed as the enemy non as defenders. Perpetrating a offense can be viewed as striking a blow against the enemy, which includes the authorities and the constabulary. The vicinities that Dominicans live in normally have deficient schools. The schools are topographic points, which are non used to learn, but more frequently used as topographic points to maintain the kids off the streets. The instructions provided at the schools within the preponderantly Dominican vicinities are non college preparative 1s. The schools are overrun with force, drug usage and pack activity. One such school, in Washington Heights, George Washington High School, is known throughout the metropolis as one of the most unsafe schools. It is besides notoriously hapless, and known for the low quality instruction. With the linguistic communication barrier between the Dominican population and the non-Spanish speech production part of the united provinces, the Dominicans life in the united provinces are practically forced to remain within the linguistic communication comfy confines of their ain vicinities. This means that about one hundred per centum of the Dominican population in the United States lives in a community which is overrun with offense, drugs and poorness. To go forth the community is non possible, and to be succesful within the community is a dashing undertaking. This means that most of the Dominican population, populating in the united provinces is bound for failure. In fact based on statistics such as high school graduation and college attending Dominicans are really better off in their, much poorer native land, so they are in the United States. In the united provinces 55 % of Dominicans bead out of high school and merely 4 % alumnus college, while in the Dominican Republic 44 % bead out of high school and 9 % alumnus college ( Dominicans NY ) . This seems to bespeak that Dominicans are better off in their ain, poorness filled state, so they are in the vicinities, which they inhabit in the United States. As I have already detialed the hapless life conditions rhythm to take to future hapless life conditions, which lead to a low quality of life. The low quality of life, and the inability to better upon the quality of life leads to depression. Research workers and societal psychologists have discovered that as a group Dominicans tend to specify themselves, and establish their ego regard on how others view them ( jobs ) . The socioeconomic wants and disadvantages, which Dominicans suffer, take them to hold low self- regard. The people around them view them as failures and they begin to see themselves every bit failures as good. Peoples who view themselves as failures are frequently down people, this is no less true for the Dominican population so it is for the general population. It besides stands to ground that the Dominican population suffers from a higher rate of depression so the general population does, because of their higher rate of unemployment, and other similar maladys. Another factor taking to depression, particularly for adult females, within the Dominican community, is deficiency of perceived societal support. Many Dominicans believe that they don # 8217 ; Ts have adequate support in their new state. They may experience stray, or they may merely be homesick, but they feel as though they lack a societal construction which supports them, and makes them experience comfy. Depression is an affliction which can stultify a individual badly. A down individual is by and large less motivated, less happy and, because of their depression they have less bright chances so a non down individual.

Adhd Parents Should Use Alternative Treatments For Illness Essays

Adhd: Parents Should Use Alternative Treatments For Illness ADHD: Parents Should Use Alternative Treatments for Illness A child named Alva comes to mind. Alva's teacher taught by rote, which was too mechanical for the boy's creative mind. His thoughts often wandered, while his body seemed in perpetual motion in his seat. The teacher found Alva, inattentive and unruly and often threatened punishment. Alva, fearful and out of place, ran away from school (Robbins 2). The preceding quote is an example of a student that lived many years ago that would most likely be diagnosed today with ADHD. There is an increasing debate on the subject of using prescription drugs to treat the condition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD. The use of methylphenidate stimulants for treatment of ADHD is a huge concern of many physicians and parents. There are several alternatives to using drug therapy when children are diagnosed with ADHD, and these are alternatives which should be exhausted before placing children on stimulant drug-therapies. For over twenty-five years, hyperactivity has been a problem with children, usually found when the children are school age. ADHD has been noted as a nuerological disorder. The areas in which the children have problems are: inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and boredom (Attention Deficit Disorder Information Library). An article in American Medical News states,Increasingly, ADHD is viewed as one of the most prevalent childhood chronic health conditions In recent years, these prevalence rates have raised concerns about possible overdiagnosis, leading some experts to worry that typical childhood behavior is being treated as an illness (Stapleton). This is probably one of the biggest problems with the ADHD prescription of drugs. Many ADHD diagnoses have been based solely on the parents and teachers in the form of standardized questions and /or checklists. Many physicians are not performing extensive tests to rule out other reasons for a child's behavior, and this can lead to misdiagnosis. This misdiagnosis can lead to children being medicated for no reason and therefore slowing down the learning creativity of these once very imaginative children (Stapleton). If a child has been correctly diagnosed with ADHD, there are still many problems with prescribing stimulant drugs as a cure. A report in the Insight on the News reports that, The use of Ritalin has soared 500 percent in the United States during the last five years(Price 1). There has been an increase only in the United States in such great numbers. Other countries deal with their children quite differently than in the United States. The Japanese do not use ADHD as a disorder, but just the way preschool aged children act normally. The culture causes a drastic change in behavior for children when they begin school at age six. This culture believes in changing the behavior instead of calling it a learning disability and using drugs to alter the mind of the children (Donovan). The drug Ritalin is the prominent choice for physicians when treating ADHD in children; some of these children are as young as preschool age. Despite evidence that this drug [Ritalin] has harmful side effects and stifles creativity, doctors still ignore a safer, better solution, according to and article written on the ADHD problems (Robbins 1). Ritalin is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance related to amphetaminesRecent FDA studies suggest it may even be carcinogenic, according to conservative activist, Phyllis Schlafly (Narrett 2). This does not seem like something parents would want their children to have with the risks involved. The children that begin taking Ritalin seem to be more focused on their goals and do better in their studies in school. The children also start acting more compliant and fewer outbursts occur. This seems to be an easy way out for the adults that have to deal with these children. This also decreases creativity and imagination in otherwise bright children (Robbins 2). Many of the symptoms associated with ADHD seem to be solved with the use of Ritalin, but there are many side effects to take into consideration. There are several side effects that are caused by the use of Ritalin. Many children that take the medication have a loss in appetite, which could cause improper growth because of poor nutrition. Children also experience insomnia, nausea and headaches.

How Long Does It Take to Get ACT Scores Back

How Long Does It Take to Get ACT Scores Back SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips After you take the ACT, the anticipation isn't over! Now, you have to wait to get your scores. While the scores aren't available immediately, you don't actually have to wait too long to see your scores or have them sent to colleges. This guide will go over when you can expect to see your ACT scores for each test date, as well as the differences in score release dates for students who took the ACT with Writing. How Long Do You Have to Wait for Your ACT Scores? How long does it take to get ACT scores back? Not too long! ACT score release dates actually vary for students over a range of weeks. Most students, though, will get their multiple-choice scores just 10 days aftertaking the exam. Scores are often released on a Tuesday or Thursday, so they'll show up just 10 or more days after your Saturday morning test. They usually come out at 1 am Eastern Time (that's midnight Central Time or 10 pm Pacific Time). For any students whose scores aren't released on that day, they should check back weekly.ACT scores are released on a weekly basis, and all of them should be out within eight weeks of your test date. Students who test outside the US usually have to wait about three weeks to see their multiple-choice scores. If you took the ACT with Writing, your essay score will be added a little later- about two weeks after your multiple-choice scores come out.Although your scores might become available in these two installments, colleges won't receive your ACT score report until allscores have been finalized and released (multiple choice and Writing, together). Once all your scores are ready, ACT, Inc. will release your official Student Score Report, High School Score Report, and College Score Report. Again, most students taking the ACT in the US will get their multiple-choice scores about 10 days after testing, whereas a small number will have to wait one or a few weeks longer until their scores are ready. Do you know when you plan to take the ACT? If so, you can use the chart below to find your testing date and the earliest corresponding date you'll get your ACT scores. When Will Your ACT Scores Be Released by Test Date? The following ranges of dates indicate when your multiple-choicescores will be availableto view online from your ACT account.If you took the ACT with Writing, colleges won't get score reports until your essay has been graded as well. These are the range of dates when most students get their ACT scores. If yours haven't shown up yet, note that it doesn't necessarily indicate a problem. 2019-20 ACT Score Release Dates While the test dates have been officially confirmed for the 2019-20 testing year, score release dates have not, so the chart below shows our estimates for release dates based on the patterns of previous ACT testing years. ACT Test Date Multiple-Choice Scores Release Complete Scores (w/ Essay) Release Sept 14, 2019 Sept 24, 2019 Oct 8, 2019 Oct 26, 2019 Nov 5, 2019 Nov 19, 2019 Dec 14, 2019 Dec 24, 2019 Jan 7, 2020 Feb 8, 2020 Feb 18, 2020 Mar 3, 2020 Apr 4, 2020 Apr 14, 2020 Apr 28, 2020 June 13, 2020 June 23, 2020 July 7, 2020 July 18, 2020 July 28, 2020 Aug , 2020 As I mentioned, most students will get their scores on the earliest release date, or at least within this range. But some won't, making them wonder, "Just when will I get my ACT scores?" What are some reasons you'd have to wait longer for your scores? What If Your ACT Scores Haven't Been Released Yet? There are a few reasons why your ACT scores might come out later than the above dates. One is simply that ACT, Inc. has a lot of tests to grade and process, and they're running behind. Other possible reasons include the following: Your documents were delivered late to testing headquarters Your test date was rescheduled The personal information you wrote on your test doesn't match the information you provided during registration (this happens more than you might think!) ACT, Inc. detected an irregularity with your test scores or at your testing center ACT, Inc. randomly audited your test to check for scoring accuracy You owe registration fees What does it mean that ACT, Inc. could detect an irregularity with your scores? If you improve by an unusually large number of points between test administrations, ACT, Inc. might notice and check for possible signs of cheating. If they really think something's amiss, they'll contact you and might even invite you to send "evidence" of your studying. To prepare for this rare circumstance (maybe you didn't study at all for your first ACT and then did a ton of prep for your second), make sure to keep evidence of your test prep and write out all your work in your test booklet.This situation is rare, but it can take a really long time to clear up- which you might or might not have depending on your college application deadlines. Worst case scenario, ACT, Inc. will cancel your scores altogether and you'll have to retake the test. You should have your username and password handy on score-release day, andfind out whether others have gotten their ACT scores through either word-of-mouth and discussion forums, such asCollege Confidential. If you think there's an unusual delay in your scores, don't be afraid totake action and contact ACT, Inc. to figure out what's going on. Otherwise, check back weekly rather than every day, since scores are typically released on Tuesdays. Once you finally get your ACT scores, what do you do next? What to Do When You Receive Your ACT Scores It's a good idea to check your ACT scores the day they come out so you can decide whether you're happy with them or want to retest. If you're satisfied and need to send additional score reports to colleges, be sure to do this ASAP. The decision to retake the ACT depends on a number of factors. What are your target scores? How much prep have you done, and how much time do you have to prep again and retest? Have you already taken the ACT a bunch of times, or are you just getting started? Obviously, all this is a moot point if your college deadlines are just around the corner. Another consideration is whether or not your colleges have a policy of superscoring the ACT- that is,taking the highest section scores across all test dates and recombining them into the strongest possible composite score. This is an ideal policy that works in your favor, and it means you don't have to worry about doing worse in any one section upon retesting. Conclusion: When Do ACT Scores Come Out? While the time you spend waiting for your ACT scores might feel like along 10 days, it's actually a pretty fast turnaround considering how many tests ACT, Inc. has to get, score, and compare. Plus, all the essays are read and graded by actual people! In closing, don't be afraid tocontactACT, Inc.and figure out what to do if you sense there might be an unusual delay in your score release. You should also keep track of your ACT username and password so you'll be ready to log in right away on score-release day. If you're satisfied with your ACT scores, great! If not, no worries- simply figure out where you can focus your prep to improve for next time! What's Next? What are you aiming to score on the ACT? Learn about what makes a bad, good, and excellent ACT scoreas well ashow to set a target scorefor guiding your approach to test prep. Need help raising your ACT scores? Then check out our expert tips and tricks- 15, to be exact- for improving your ACT scores fast and effectively. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Difference and similarities between modern orthodox, hasidic, and a Essay

Difference and similarities between modern orthodox, hasidic, and a unaffiated jew - Essay Example Reuven: I m a modern orthodox, I believe woman is part of modern American culture we need to engage with. i believe in the modern ways but one should still hold on to the jewish tradition. Engage in the secular world is what makes our believes survives in these days. On the other side of the podium we have girls from all of the Jewish background. All of the 24 lights were still on at this time. There are two female guest we are known of. Malkie and from the story Who Knows Kaddish, the narrator. I named the narrator â€Å"Kaddish†. Malkie: Hi Reuven. I’m Malkie, I am from hasidic orthodoxy, but some what I agree with your opinion. I really prefer spiritual in the Jewish faith. I think be a part of the modern world is an important part of Judaism. there should be acomplement between the the secular and the traditional believes. I’m interest in you. Kaddish: Hi, Reuven. I’m Kaddish. I am unaffiliated Jew. I don’t have much belief in Jewish, but I live around it and I like how it bonds within the culture. My families were Jews but we lived like Unitarians, and celebrated the secular trappings of Christmas. But we celebrate no Jewish holidays because as far as we knew, they werent any fun (Kirshenbaum, 174). Reuven: I had my secular education at Yeshiva University and I read a lot of books my father recommend me. But I am still a faithful Jew. Don’t say that reading books would make you less religious because now I have both knowledge and faith as the outcome. My father is a great guy. He didnt restrain me much on the choice of my education. My father is a modern Jew he devote his life to his faith in modern orthodox, he also promoted a Jewish state. (cite and connect to lecture?) Malkie: My parents didnt allow me to get a secular education and this is what i have grown up with. I really adore my parents devotion into hasidism. We

Application of Communication Theory to Nursing Essay

Application of Communication Theory to Nursing - Essay Example Communication is one of the major assets that make human beings knowledgeable. Knowledgeable as the number of ways humans interact are much more superior to any other living being’s methodologies to communicate. Forms of communication may include message transfer through voice, letters, e-mails, sign language etc). (Haslett, 1987) Communication was present right from the time of man’s civilization however what changed are the methods in which the process is carried out. More effective forms of expressing are evolving with experience so that the communication as such becomes efficient. Comparing with the pre historic times, definitely the pace at which information is exchanged has tremendously changed. The advent of science and technology had a huge impact on the way communication processes are carried out. Today sitting in the remote corner of the room at any part of the world we can convey our information and carry out communication any time any where through telephoni c calls, e-mails etc. (Barker, 2002) Now-a-days the computer science revolution had brought major renovations to the traditional systems of placing calls by introducing video conference that allows voice as well as the real life picture to be transmitted as message that obviously upgrades the level of communication. Mobile phones and other cellular devices have made the world very small, that it can fit in our pockets. Coming to personal aspects and importance of communication, the basic purpose of communication is for interdependence and satisfying needs. Every person wants to be heard, appreciated and also shares his thoughts and feelings. It is the exchange of thoughts and feelings from one person to another that determines the efficiency of communication. Getting into the roots of communication, it basically has three dimensions namely. (Barker, 2002) As shown in the figure, the communication may

Causes and Effects of Tuberculosis

Causes and Effects of Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is a chronic, infectious and deadly disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis often attacks lungs but it is also known for attacking other parts of the body (extrapulmonary tuberculosis). The infection site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis includes the central nervous system, the lymphatic system particularly in the neck, genitourinary system and bones and joints. People with active tuberculosis often show some of these symptoms: Mycobacteria are found abundantly in habitats such as pond and soil. However, a few are intracellular pathogens to animals and humans. Tuberculosis is transmitted through aerosol route but the transmission can also occur via gastrointestinal route. Coughing, sneezing and spitting by people with active tuberculosis releases droplet nuclei containing the germ which is known as bacilli into the air. The droplet nuclei can remain suspended in the air for up to several hours. Infection only occurs when someone inhales the droplet nuclei. A person needs only to inhale a  treated with existing drugs and medications. To make the condition even worse, new tuberculosis germ (XDR-TB) that is extremely resistant to drugs has been found in US. Now, the governments are focusing more on the preventive measure and at the same time, searching for a possible drug or vaccine that could eliminate the problem once and for all. So, to address this issue, I have focused my research on this question What are current available treatments for tuberculosis? Current Possible Solution With the advancement of technology, mankind had the power in combating with deadly diseases. Tuberculosis, which had killed millions of people in the nineteenth century, was brought under control by using vaccines and drugs. Drug treatments are used extensively in treating people with active tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis, however, does not require intensive care but merely prescribed medication for several months. Vaccines, on the contrary, are used as preventive measures in areas of higher tuberculosis risk. Apart from that, vaccines are used by healthcare workers, newborns, and travelers who are at constant risk of getting infected by the disease. One of the most commonly used vaccine in prevention of tuberculosis, the BCG vaccine, is discussed below. But, first, I will discuss about the drug treatments. Tuberculosis treated with drugs has a mortality rate of less than 5%. This shows that the current available drugs for tuberculosis are quite effective in treating the disease. Among the common drugs used in tuberculosis treatment are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. These drugs aim at inhibiting the bacterial activity thus improving the patients conditions. Anti-tuberculosis drugs are classified into three major categories. They are the first line drugs, the second line drugs and the third line drugs. These drugs are classified according to their effectiveness in treating the disease and their availability. The first line drugs are as follows: Ethambutol-EMB or E, Isoniazid-INH or H, Pyrazinamide-PZA or Z, Rifampicin-RMP or R, Streptomycin-STM or S (802 words) There are six classes of second line drugs. These drugs are classified second class because they may be less effective than first line drugs (p-aminosalicylic acid), they may have harmful side-effects (cycloserine) or they may not be available in the developing countries (fluoroquinolones). aminoglycosides: e.g.-amikacin(AMK), kanamycin(KM); polypeptides: e.g.-capreomycin, viomycin, enviomycin; fluoroquinolones: e.g.-ciprofloxacin(CIP), levofloxacin, moxifloxacin(MXF); thioamides: e.g.-ethionamide, prothionamide; cycloserine(the only antibiotic in its class); p-aminosalicylic acid(PAS or P). Other drugs (third line drugs) that may be useful, but are not on the WHO list: rifabutin macrolides: e.g.-clarithromycin(CLR); linezolid(LZD); thioacetazone(T); thioridazine; arginine; vitamin D; R207910. Tuberculosis treatments are often done as combination therapies (except for latent tuberculosis where only one type of drug is prescribed to the patient) because single drug therapy would result in rapid development of resistance which would lead to the failure of the treatment. Besides that, there are other reasons to support the combination therapy. Different drugs have different form of action. For example, PZA is a weak bactericidal but is very effective against bacteria located in acidic conditions. On the other hand, INH is very effective against replicating bacteria. RMP is a good bactericidal and at the same time, has sterilizing effects. This proves that, using combination therapy is effective to counter the disease and at the same time, it would prevent the mutation of the bacteria into drug resistant. Upon infection, tuberculosis bacteria are taken up by the alveolar macrophages and are carried to the lymph nodes where it may be spread to other parts of the body (this is the basis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis). Two to eight weeks after infection, hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity develops and suppression of the infection will result in people with good, healthy immune system. People, who are immunocompromised, will develop inflammatory immune response which eventually leads to lung damage. These drugs functions by confining the bacteria and at the same time, since it has antibiotic effects, it will kill the bacteria, thus, improving the patients condition. It would usually take about six months or more for full (1153 words) recovery with 2-3% of relapse rate. Continuation of medication would be recommended by the physician to avoid the problem form reappearing. Isoniazid is one particular type of the drug which is commonly used due to its effectiveness in treating tuberculosis. This medication is best taken on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. But it may be taken with food or milk if stomach upset occurs. Take as directed. Do not stop taking this medication without your doctors approval. Stopping therapy early may result in ineffective treatment and the infection could recur. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) supplements may be prescribed in addition to this medication to prevent numbness and tingling. Extracted from MedicineNet.com- Isoniazid ORAL (Niazid) side effects, medical uses and drug interaction. Figure 1 Fgure4- Effect of aspirin or ibuprofen administered in combination with isoniazid on lung(a) and spleen(b) log10 CFU in murine tuberculosis. ASP only, aspirin(20 mg/kg of body weight); IBU only, ibuprofen(20 mg/kg); INH only, isoniazid(25 mg/kg); ASP+INH, aspirin and isoniazid(20 and 25 mg/kg, respectively); IBU+INH, ibuprofen and isoniazid(20 and 25 mg/kg, respectively). There is reliable and concrete evidence that isoniazid is effective in curbing the disease. The graph shows clearly that when isoniazid is administered to a patient with murine tuberculosis, it effectively inhibits the progress of the disease. This can be seen when there is zero tuberculous bacterium count when INH is administered. The drug acts in the same way in both liver and spleen. Other drugs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin are used to compare the relative effectiveness of each individual drug. Ibuprofen seems not to interfere with the INH mechanism while aspirin reduces the effectiveness of INH. So, aspirin should be avoided when using drug regime containing INH to prevent it from interfering with INH mechanism. (1447 words) Benefits and Risks of Drug Treatment As with all forms of medications, tuberculosis drugs also pose some side-effects which may cause uneasiness to the patient. The benefits of tuberculosis drug treatments are well known. It effectively reduces symptoms of the disease upon the administration of the medication and in most cases; the drug cures the disease with 2-3% of relapse rate. Drug treatment also decreases the mortality rate significantly; reducing it to less than 5%. This means number of people dying from tuberculosis or tuberculosis related diseases is falling every year. On the other hand, the risks of drug treatments are severe but only in remote cases. This is usually due to the aggravation of the side-effects by the risk factors such as alcohol abuse, history of hepatitis, diabetes mellitus and HIV infection. Increasing age is also a risk factor for the noncompliance to the treatment. The severe forms of side-effects are drug-induced hepatitis, arthralgia, central nervous system toxicity and exanthema. The drug treatments also pose some rather common adverse-effects. These include nausea, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea and fluid (saliva, tears and urine) discolouration. Table1-Number of side-effects due to isoniazid, rifampin or pyrazinamide followed by final termination of  one of the drugs (n=519) Side-effect Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Total Hepatotoxicity 19(4) 8(1.5) 28(5) 55(11) Arthralgia 1(0.2) 12(2) 13(2) Exanthema 6(1.2) 27(5) 33(6) CNS toxicity* 8(1.5) 8(1.5) Nausea 5(0.9) 5(0.9) Others# 7(1.4) 7(1.4) Total 34(7) 8(1.5) 79(15) 121(23) Values are present as absolute number, and percentage in  parenthesis. *:including peripheral neuropathy(n=6) and  seizure(n=2); #:including leucopenia(n=1), fever(n=3) and  severe hyperuricaemia(n=3). CNS: central nervous system. After evaluating both pros and cons of the drug treatment, I feel that the benefits of drug treatment outweigh the risks. Therefore, the risks should not discourage the patient from continuing the medication. The completion of the medication is vital for the full recovery from the disease. Social and Economic Implications of the Disease Tuberculosis is the worlds largest endemic with one third of world population being infected with the disease. And tuberculosis remains the greatest terror in developing nations. This is because the disease causes unbearable social and economic implications to the one infected with the disease. The substantial non-treatment costs of TB are borne by the patients and their  families. These are often greater than the costs of treatment to the health sector.   The largest indirect cost of TB for a patient is income lost by being too sick to work. Studies suggest that on average three to four months of work time are lost, resulting  in average lost potential earnings of 20% to 30% of annual household income. For the families of those that die from the disease, there is the further loss of about  15 years of income because of the premature death of the TB sufferer. Extracted from the Stop Tb Initiative by WHO It is very clear that tuberculosis, left untreated, would result in loss in terms of financial support. Therefore, it is vital for the authority to provide necessary treatment to the patients and, at the same time, they should also work on preventive measures such as awareness campaigns and vaccinations to prevent the spread of the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) have cited TB treatment as one of the most cost-effective health interventions accessible at a cost of only $10 for every year of life gained. Effectively treating TB will not solve the worldwide AIDS crisis, but it will significantly reduce its burden Dr Piot, Executive Director, Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS On the other hand, a person with tuberculosis would have to live as an outcast. This is very true in the poorer nations of the world where the people do not have enough knowledge about the disease thus exiling the patient from their community. This would result in the patient losing moral support and faith which may ultimately lead to suicide. (2093 words) Alternative Solution Ayurvedic treatment Ayurveda, traditional Indian medication, is also proven to be effective in combating against tuberculosis. Current tuberculosis drug treatments induce unfavourable side-effects such as decreased appetite and liver inflammation. On the long run, it could lead to permanent liver damage. Therefore, combined with ayuvedic medication such as Kutki (Picrorrhiza kurroa), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Sharapunkha (Tephrosia purpurea) and Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) would prevent any damage to the liver and would result in increased efficiency in treating the disease. Tuberculosis of the lymph glands also could cause serious problems. Ayurvedic medicines like Kancnnaar (Bauhinia variegata), Kanchnaar Guggulu and Triphala Guggulu can increase the bodys immune response towards the disease. These ayurvedic medicines when combined with correct drug regimes would effectively fight off the disease and prevent it from relapsing. Ayurvedic medicines are known to increase immune response signi ficantly, thus, making the body to be able to fight the infection. Prevention Methods Vaccination Besides drug treatments, there is another practical approach to eradicate the endemic worldwide. This solution aims at preventing the disease. Vaccination is the best, available solution for most of the contagious disease. For tuberculosis, Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is the current available vaccine. This vaccine is actually an attenuated strain of live mycobacterium bovis which has lost its virulence after being carefully cultured artificially for many years. This vaccine works by providing natural passive immunity in which the infection with bovine tuberculosis would protect against infection with human tuberculosis. This is the result of memory cells in our body being able to recognize the same type of infection and providing instant protection against the disease. BCG is found to be very effective in giving protection primarily in children aged 3 and below and teenagers aged 14-20. Efficiency of BCG also differs according to geography. The first large scale trial evaluating the efficacy of BCG was conducted from 1956 to 1963 and involved almost 60,000 school children who received BCG at the age of 14 or 15; this study showed an efficacy of 84% up to 6 years after immunization. However, a US Public Health Service trial of BCG in Georgia and Alabama published in 1966 showed an efficacy of only 14%, and did much to convince the US that it did not want to implement mass immunization with BCG. A further trial conducted in South India and published in 1979 (the Chingleput trial), showed no protective effect. Extracted from Bacillus_Calmette-Guerin_Wikipedia-the_free_encyclopedia. Reducing exposure Tuberculosis is directly dependent on the degree of exposure. The more a person comes into contact with the disease, the higher is the chance to suffer from active tuberculosis. Generally, inhalation of minute amount of the bacilli would result in the immune response which immediately inactivates the disease thus preventing it from progressing. However, a direct exposure to a relatively high amount of the bacilli would result in the immune system to be unable to wall off the disease fast enough. This would result in the person developing active tuberculosis although he may not have the history of the disease before. Therefore, visit to places with a high incidence of tuberculosis should be avoided. Furthermore, we should also avoid close contact with people infected by the disease. Apart from that, personal hygiene, and the practice of wearing mask should be cultured in the society to prevent the spread of the disease. On top of that, self-quarantine should be practiced by individual s if they are suspected to carry the infection. Evaluation For the research on this issue, I have used a number of sources ranging from websites to newspaper articles and books. The World Health Organisation official webpage; http://www.who.int/en/ is one of the sources that I have used in my research. I find that this website provides loads of information regarding tuberculosis. This source is definitely trustable as it is the official webpage of a world-recognized organization which is committed to the welfare of the people. The facts and information obtained from this website is valid and reliable under any circumstances because they are up to date. Moreover, WHO have also organized research on this issue and the findings have been reviewed by experts from all over the world. One such research is the Economic Impacts of Tuberculosis. On top of that, I found that a lot of other websites such as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis, http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1000600 and http://www.wrongdiagn osis.com/t/tuberculosis/stats.htm have cited WHO in their websites. This proves that WHO is a reliable source of information for this issue. Furthermore, I have evaluated another source http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/tuberculosis/DS00372/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs and found that there are similarities in terms of facts presented in the website with other renowned websites such as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis_treatment, http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/infections/common/bacterial/120.html, and http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tuberculosis.html. Similar information was also found in the journal Risk factors for side-effects of isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide in patients hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis from the European Respiratory Journal. This source, therefore, is trustable because it has a lot of correspondence with other sources.

Louise Brooks And The Flapper Era :: essays research papers fc

The flapper era was the time of the worship of youth (pandorasbox/flapper). Flappers were women of the Jazz Age. They had measurements of pre-adolescent boys, with no waistline, no bust, and no butt. Flappers had short hair worn no longer than chin length, called bobs. Their hair was often dyed and waved into flat, head-hugging curls and accessorized with wide, soft headbands. It was a new and most original style for women. A lot of make-up was worn by flappers that they even put on in public which was once unheard of and considered something done only by actresses and whores. Flappers wore short, straight dresses often covered with beads and fringes, and they were usually worn without pantyhose. Young flappers were known to be very rebellious against their parents, and society blamed their waywardness partially on the media, movies, and film stars like Louise Brooks (Szabo). Louise Brooks was a big part of the Jazz Age and had a lot of influence on the women of the 1920’s. Being a film star with a great, original personality she is known for being one of the most extraordinary women to set forth the Flapper era. Her sleek and smooth looks with her signature bob helped define the flapper look (pandorasbox/flapper).On November 14, 1906, in Cherryvale, Kansas, Mary Louise Brooks was born. She had two brothers, one sister, and parents, Leonard and Myra Brooks, who was a costume maker and pianist. In 1910, Brooks performed in her first stage role as Tom Thumb’s bride in a Cherryvale church benefit. Over the next few years she danced at men’s and women’s clubs, fairs, and various other gatherings in southeastern Kansas.At ten years old she was already a serious dancer and very much interested in it. In 1920, Brook’s family moved to Wichita, Kansas, and at 13 years old she began studying dance (pandorasbox/chron). Louise Brooks had a typical education and family life. She was very interested in reading and the arts, so in 1922 she traveled to New York City and joined the Denishawn Dance Company. This was the leading modern dance company in America at the time. In 1923, Brooks toured the United States and Canada with Denishawn by train and played a different town nearly every night, but one year later she leaves Denishawn and moves back to New York City. Not too long after her return, she gets a job as a chorus girl in the George White Scandals.

Analysis John Proctor Essay

In a sense, the play, ‘The Crucible’, has the structure of a classical tragedy with John Proctor being the protagonist of the play and its tragic hero. As there is a saying â€Å"To err is human†¦ † John Proctor likewise was led to his grave due to a fatal flaw he possessed. Proctor, in his first appearance in the play, is presented as a quick-witted, sharp-tongued man with a keen sense of pride and a streak of confidence. He was a symbol of justice and righteousness. His secret affair with Abigail, before Elizabeth Proctor fired her, seemed to end since John no more harbored feelings for Abigail. Abigail Give me a word, John, A soft word. Proctor No, no, Abby. That’s done with. However, upon learning the truth†¦ Abigail I have a sense for heat, John, and yours has drawn me to my window, and I have seen you looking up, burning in your loneliness. Do you tell me you’ve never looked up at my window? This suggests that what Abigail had been saying to John was the truth too that he still had kind feelings for her, and created Abigail’s jealousy of his wife, Elizabeth, which sets the entire witch hysteria in motion. His wisdom, sharpness and his independence are traits would make a suitable person to question the motives of those who cry witchcraft. However, his guilt over his affair with Abigail makes his situation much more problematic because he is very guilty in the hypocrisy he detested to see in others. Secondly, John does not seem to be favoring the authority Parris possess that he blatantly said right in front of Parris that he would join the faction which was â€Å"against him and all authority†. Once the trials begin, Proctor realizes that he can stop Abigail’s rampage through Salem but only if he confesses to his adultery. Such an admission would ruin his good name, and Proctor is, above all, a proud man who places great emphasis on his reputation. Proctor is quite a brave, honest and honorable man, confessing his sin of adultery to the court in a bid to stop the agitation present in Salem by tarnishing the now saintly name of Abigail Williams so that the townsfolk would stop listening to her false accusations. He eventually makes an attempt, through Mary Warren’s testimony, to name Abigail as a fraud without revealing the crucial information. Proctor Then her saintliness is done with. We will slide together into our pit; you will tell the court what you know. When this attempt fails, he finally bursts out with a confession, calling Abigail a â€Å"whore† and proclaiming his guilt publicly. Proctor A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud- God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together! †¦ Proctor You are pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore! These quotes suggest that the Proctor who used to believe in God’s word is no longer devoted to Him anymore due to the injustice and evil around him. It’s as if he has become an atheist- God is dead! Only then does he realize that it is too late, that matters have gone too far, and that not even the truth can break the powerful frenzy that he has allowed Abigail to whip up. Proctor’s confession succeeds only in leading to his arrest and conviction as a witch, and though he lambastes the court and its proceedings, he is also aware of his terrible role in allowing this fervor to grow unchecked. Proctor is also a man who thinks of others. He stands up for the other townsfolk, refusing to give the names of innocent citizens. â€Å"I have no knowledge in that line. But it’s hard to think so pious a woman is secretly a Devil’s bitch after seventy year of such good prayer. † He saved others, while preserving his own honor. (I speak my own sins; I cannot judge another. ) Offered the opportunity to make a public confession of his guilt and live, he almost succumbs, even signing a written confession. His immense pride and fear of public opinion compelled him to withhold his adultery from the court, but by the end of the play he is more concerned with his personal integrity than his public reputation. He still wants to save his name, but for personal and religious, rather than public, reasons. (I have given you my soul; leave me my name! -Proctor) Proctor’s refusal to provide a false confession is a true religious and personal stand. Such a confession would dishonor his fellow prisoners, who are brave enough to die as testimony to the truth. Perhaps more relevantly, a false admission would also dishonor him, staining not just his public reputation, but also his soul. By refusing to give up his personal integrity Proctor implicitly proclaims his conviction that such integrity will bring him to heaven. He goes to the gallows redeemed for his earlier sins. As Elizabeth says to end the play, responding to Hale’s plea that she convince Proctor to publicly confess: â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! † Proctor dies as a man of integrity who never sold his soul and stained his name upon confessing to what God knows and speaks of as heathen. He lived up to be a man who ought to be given the utmost respect, by his wife and by his fellow Salemites. Nearing to the end of the play, Proctor redeems himself and provides a final denunciation of the witch trials in his final act. Elizabeth who respects Proctor deeply and is proud that he doesn’t confess suggests that she too loves him dearly. Even Mr Hale was not able to instigate Proctor in confessing a false crime and succumb the false crime of witchcraft. Hale Woman, plead with him! Woman! It is pride, it is vanity. Be his helper! – What profits him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him? Shall the worms declare his truth? Go to him, take his shame away! Elizabeth He have his goodness now. God I forbid I take it from him! Abigail Williams An antagonist of the play, she beats Parris and Danforth with all the villainy she possessed. In contrast to her beautiful looks, she is characterless and baseless as bastardy has ever stooped to be that low. Being a blatant liar, she is able to twist the situation so well that even the whole of Salem was sent to its doom due to her hysteria. Her pretty looks can be as deceiving as her character. Abigail it were sport, uncle! †¦ (innocently) A dress? †¦ No one was naked! You mistake yourself, uncle! †¦ Why, I am sure it is, sir. There be no blush about my name. These blatant lies came about one after another suggest that Abigail is not only lying but also disrespectful to those who take care of her by making them believe to whatever she says. In this manner, Parris was half convinced and had the courage to run the trials and commence a witch-hunt upon Abigail’s words. Abigail has a large role in the play as the villain of the play, instigating the downfall of many innocent townsfolk. While working in the Proctor’s house as a servant, she had an affair with John Proctor, which led to her being dismissed by the latter’s wife, Elizabeth Proctor. This suggests that she was not only ungrateful, but also in a way trying to seduce Proctor lest he bend toward Elizabeth. This leads to Abigail directing hate towards her and targeting her later in the play. Betty You drank blood, Abby! You didn’t tell him that!†¦.. You did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor! Throughout the hysteria, Abigail’s motivations never seem more complex than simple jealousy and a desire to have revenge on Elizabeth Proctor. The language of the play is almost Biblical, and Abigail seems like a Biblical character-a Jezebel figure, driven only by sexual desire and a lust for power. Nevertheless, it is worth pointing out a few background details that, though they don’t mitigate Abigail’s guilt, make her actions more understandable. Abigail was a symbol of defiance. Although she knew that Salem was an entirely religion-based community, she chose to rebel against the somewhat restrictive customs and sinned again and again. From giving in to lust and sexual desires, to adultery and finally to lying and murder in a sense, her deeds went against the very code of religion. A mere accusation from one of Abigail’s troop is enough to incarcerate and convict even the most well-respected inhabitant of Salem. Whereas others once reproached her for her adultery, she now has the opportunity to accuse them of the worst sin of all: devil-worship. Abigail was also manipulative as she was able to take advantage of her friends, Reverend Parris and the judges to make them believe her so that she was able to attain freedom and have Proctor to herself after getting rid of Elizabeth. She only did this for her personal vengeance and benefit. Abigail could be even merciless if she had the choice, by sending nineteen innocent people to the gallows for crimes they did not commit. She was a shrewd mastermind who was opportunative, for her benefits. Although, she is strong and determined, this does not make her a good person. She used her intelligence in a shrewd yet cruel manner. She was thoughtless of the lives that were taken away, all due to her. She was the root of all evil. Having Proctor was her only ambition. And when she learns that Proctor, too, is dead when he was sent to the gallows, her utmost motive in recovering Proctor, her love, was gone. Her will to struggle was no longer present. So, she too left and never looked to turn back to Salem. Reverend Samuel Parris Basically, Reverend Samuel Parris is a paranoid, power-hungry, yet oddly self-pitying figure. Parris presents himself as a father who cares and worries for his daughter, Betty, who had been supposedly witched. Trying to hide the fact, he does not believe it. Parris No-no. There be no unnatural cause here. Tell him I have sent for Reverend Hale of Beverly and Mr Hale will surely confirm that. Let him look to medicine and put out all thought of unnatural causes here. There be none. Upon deeper analysis, Parris does not actually care for Betty and her friends but is ardent in saving his reputation. Parris Now look you, child, your punishment will come in its time. But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. Parris is so blinded by lies that he would not be abele to distinguish between truth or lie. He is so gullible by allowing himself to be convinced by Abigail’s words that he was reluctant in listening to the townsfolk and get their opinion. Although he questioned Abigail repeatedly, he never had the idea (till the end) that Abigail could be using him for her personal benefits. But this didn’t mind Parris as he was just a coward because he guessed that the faction would grab this opportunity and ruin him with it. By blaming that all abominations began here, in the Minister’s house. And that would be the base of witchcraft and Lucifer’s den. Parris is full of greed. This can be proved due to the fact that although he earned sixty-six pounds (which was a lot at that time), he was not happy with it and wanted more. In addition, he could not bear the uprising faction which was against him and his authority. Parris is dogmatic in his opinions, intolerant of opposition, and suspicious of those whom he does not like. Parris has grown a grudge against Proctor after learning that Proctor was not hesitant in joining the faction that was against Parris and his authority. (Why, then I must find it and join it!) His belief in witches and his desire to punish his enemies set in motion the chain of events that leads to the hysteria in Salem. In my opinion, he is an incapable minister who is not able to take things in his stride but who listens to others. This suggests that he is more of a follower than a leader, although he has the full right to make his own decisions. Proctor You cannot command Mr Parris. We vote by name in this society, not by acreage. / During the witch trials, he pressures Danforth, the chief judge, to punish those who, in his opinion, are possessed or in league with the Devil.

The Absent Rainbow in Silicon Valley - 1610 Words

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